Development of an Electronic Car

Development of an Electronic Car Group number 5 Krunal Pathak C0690657 Jayanth Siripireddy C0684870 Unnati Varma C0689270 Sagar Kaklotar C0686834 Venkateswarlu-C0691743 Vikas Rathod-C0684723 The production and use of traditional gasoline-powered cars have a huge environmental negative impact. The pollutant emissions from our cars contribute to unhealthy air and are the major cause of global warming by trapping solar energy in the atmosphere. In addition, these vehicles affect the environment by creating noise, which can disturb work, relaxing and sleeping. In this context, electric vehicles represent the future they can be powered by electric energy produced from many different sources and dont have a combustion engine that burns gasoline and produces CO2. Tesla Motors company was founded with the mission of accelerating the worlds transition to sustainable energy. The companys main purpose is to prove that electric cars can be better than powered-gasoline cars. Tesla Model-S projects objective is to develop a premium electric sedan vehicle that competes with brands like BWM, Mercedes, and Audi. The Model-S should prove that an electric car can have, at the same time, electric powertrain, attractive design, and high performance. This project follows Tesla Motors business plan to expand downmarket from the high-performance Tesla Roadster sports car. Total project planning will be divided into 9 subsidiary plans, as detailed below. This planning will be initiated on October 24th, 2016, and its expected to finish on March 03rd, 2019. The total budget allocated for covering all planning activities is $ 30,000,000. Â   Â   Â   Tesla model-S Interior 17 inch touch screen is the most attractive feature tesla is including in Model-S car(contract administration build below for the touch screen procurement) CONTRACT SUMMARY: Contract awarded based on the following: Comparison of outsourced cost and in-house course Compulsory requirements Financial documents for vendor Experience and general qualifications Technical qualifications for past performance Quality Cost Vendor ability to provide all items on required date Contract Name Firm Fixed price All the items that are procured for the project will be under FFP (FRIM FIXED PRICE). For each item to be procured concerned person is responsible for making the purchase per the FFP contract type since the manager has a limited budget we are adopting FFP contract type now the seller is responsible for product submission within the limit of time and cost. The manager must ensure the correct scope of product achieved or not. Start and Finish Dates March 2017 to December 2017 Contract Value $1,000,000 Owners / Key Representatives Nominated contact Role Sagar kaklotar Procurement manager Kunal Pathak Project manager Supplier details Infosys Contract Objectives Item/Service Justification Category Needed By Software for 17-inch screen Software needs highly skilled labors, servers, and equipment that we dont have it. Software January 2018 The manager must identify the risk involves in the procurement of the product or service. for each identified risk the manager should make a mitigation plan by taking the expert legal judgment and make a proper documentation of each identified risk add it to risk management log. This project involves multiple contracts so the manager should do check for interdependencies of activities so one risk response plan might not trigger the other risk. Contract and Supplier Management Plan: Contract Name: Firm Fixed price Contract No: 11 Contract Manager: Jayanth Siripereddy Legend: CM Contract Manager PD Procurement Department RM Risk Management Department Con Contractor Pre-Commencement Stage Actions Who Completed Yes No Date Completed Comment 1. Contract Documents Prepare and send letter of acceptance Procurement department yes 17/01/2017 Once the bidder is confirmed send the formal letter of acceptance, and invite them for negotiations. Prepare contract documents and arrange signing and sealing Procurement department yes 20/01/2017 Awarded contract firm fixed price to the Infosys, and explained more about contract and claims Read and understand both specification and terms and conditions of contract Contract manager Yes 22/01/2017 Held a meeting with Infosys business analyst, explained each other term and conditions of contract and project requirements. 2. Transition Plan Prioritize all transition activities and confirm timeframes and milestones with all parties Contract manager Yes 23/01/2017 List of activities and time frames mention in the procurement management plan given to the contractors. Involve and communicate with all relevant parties as per nominated transition activities Contract manager Yes 24/01/2017 Procurement department contract manager, project manager, and Infosys must follow the given communication management plan. 3. Contract Management Plan [CMP] Prepare CMP, sign off and file Contract manager Yes 29/01/2017 Contract management plan prepared by the project manager signed off by the Infosys Inc. 4. Insurance Obtain all required Insurance Certificates. Procurement department Yes 31/01/2017 For the identified risk, insurance obtained from TD bank per the budget. 5. Security / Retention Obtain updated Irrevocable Bank Guarantees for amounts as per tender document Contract manager Yes 02/02/2107 A bank guarantee obtained from the Infosys in the case of irrevocable payment due. Confirm retention amounts and set up in payment schedules Contract manager Yes 04/02/2017 All payment schedules and retention amount details documented in the procurement management plan and signed off by Infosys 6. Key Performance Indicators [KPIs] Develop auditing system using KPIs and measuring matrix Contract manager yes 05/02/2017 Auditing dates are planned and updated to the quality management plan, manager should commence them on date without delay Ensure staff are familiar with system and auditing process Contract Manager Yes 06/02/2017 Auditing date and systems clearly explained to the technical staff working on touch screen activity 7. Risk Assessment Plan Use risk management system to develop a contingency plan based on nominated and other risks Contract Manager/Risk Manager yes 17/02/2017 For all the nominated and identified risks, contingency plan and risk response strategies were prepared and updated the risk management plan. Ex: The main risk for touch screen task is end user bugs, hiring automation tester is the contingency plan for this. 8.Contract Meeting Facilitate a contract management meeting to discuss all pre-commencement requirements Contract Manager/ Business analyst (Infosys) yes 22/02/2017 Facilitated a pre-commencement meeting and handed over all risk, quality, scope and contract document. Future meeting schedule also submitted. Ensured the contract is beginning on time Document all agreed outcomes of the contract management meeting Contract Manager/ Business analyst (Infosys) Yes 26/02/2017 After meeting facilitated on 22nd February BA gone through all the documents Tesla produced and agreed on 26/02/2017. Post Contract Commencement Stage Actions Who Completed Yes No Planned Date Comment 1. Contractor Performance Audit Forward copy of audit results to Contractor and record any non-conformances Contract Manager No 04/04/2017 The audit will be performed by Teslas audit committee to confirm that all the standards procedure agrees on followed and the result of it will be sent to Infosys. Notify Risk Dept. of any breaches and determine appropriate actions Contract Manager/ Risk Management Department No 01/05/2017 During the audit, if any new risk identified or any breach of the agreed terms in contract found, it must be communicated to risk department. Meet with contractor to discuss non-conformances and agree on remedial actions Contract Manager/ Risk Management Department No 04/05/2017 All the deficiencies and defects found must be discussed with Infosys to agree on to fix the issues found in software. 2.Contract Meetings Prepare agenda and forward invitation and agenda to contractor Contract Manager No 06/06/2017 Contract manager should be prepared the agenda of the meeting and must inform Infosys with the invitation. Record minutes of meetings including any subsequent actions to be carried by either party Contract Manager No 26/08/2017 If any actions required by Tesla or Infosys, it should be recorded in the minutes of meetings. Forward copy of minutes of meeting to contractor Contract Manager No 27/08/2017 A copy of minutes of the meeting must be forwarded to Infosys prior of meeting and should one week ahead. 3.Payment Claims Upon receipt of claims ensure that works completed are in accordance with claims. Contract Manager No 31/09/2017 Contract manager will ensure all work completed is either meets contract requirement or not in accordance with the claims of the Infosys Make payment adjustment for defective deliverables Contract Manager No 2/10/2017 As per the quality testing report, the defective screen will be taken into consideration by contract manager before moving further towards financial department procedures Actions Who Completed Yes No Date Completed Comment 4.Performance Auditing Conduct regular contractor performance audits in accordance with specification Contract manager No 5/05/2017 Contract manager will check performance and standards of each product. Record audit results and provide a copy to contractor Contract Manager No 6/05/2017 Recording of audit results to be done in order to keep the results for future reference. As an agenda item for Contract Meetings discuss outcomes and how any under-performances may be improved Contract Manager No 31/05/2017 Meetings discussion will help to improve the quality of product and its performance. Conduct annual review of nominated KPIs with Contractor to ensure continued relevance to the delivery of services including any changes to scope etc. Contract Manager / Contractor No 5/10/2017 It will be useful to keep a record for future procurement that the KPIs for the product is are always matched or implemented without any exclusions. 5.Contract Extensions With service contracts, be aware of nominated notification periods to the contractor as to Councils intentions to extend or not. Contract Manager No 01/12/2017 Contract manager will decide through current report whether to continue with this vendor or not Notify contractor in writing of Councils intention regarding extension Contract Manager No 02/12/2017 As per agreement contract manager will notify to the vendor before 3 months if they require extending procurement. Actions Who Completed Yes No Date Completed Comment 6.Contract Expiry/Transition Out Develop transition out plan in conjunction with contractor Contract Manager / Contractor No 25/12/2017 Teslas contract manager should plan with the involvement of Infosys that how and when the expiration of contract will take place. Conduct contract meeting to consolidate actions, responsibilities, and timeframes Contract Manager / Contractor No 27/12/2017 This meeting will be held by Tesla to combine the actions of Infosys with them before closure of the contract. Take receipt of all intellectual knowledge belonging to Council Contract Manager / Contractor No 28/12/2017 Tesla must be verified that all the intellectual properties of the software must be transferred to them by Infosys as per the contract. Conduct exit audit with outgoing and incoming contractors to identify outstanding work and overall standard of relevant assets Contract Manager / Contractor No 30/12/2017 It is the duty of contract manager to make sure that Infosys finished all the work as per the contract and nothing is outstanding before moving to closure. Negotiate any final payments based on incomplete or sub-standard works Contract Manager / Contractor No 31/12/2017 As per the contract established with Infosys, any work found below standards or incomplete, there will be a deduction in payment. Contract Variation Form Variation number: 1 Date: 01/ 04 /2017 Description of proposed variation and reason: Variation: Tesla motors asked for separate application within the android that could support the 17inch touch screen. For this task, Infosys is awarded FFP contract, now after all negotiation and contracts signed. Now, Tesla proposed the new operating system for the same time and cost instead of the android application. Reason: For the android application, the end user may need extra security to protect the application. It may crash because of malware. Will the variation be at an additional cost to original contract amount? Yes No If yes date quotation for variation is to be received by: 04/04/2017 Contractors Response: Infosys agreed to the change, but the production cost increased as per their quotation. Costings: *Remove whichever does not apply Original contract value $1,000,000 *Time/*Works Variation cost $50,000 Other variation adjustments to cost $30,000 Revised contract Value $1,080,000 Contract Dates: Original Practical Completion 31/12/2017 Additional time required due to variation 4 months New Date of Practical Completion 31/04/2018 Signed on behalf of the Contractor: Date 7/04/2017

Chartism Essay

The working class in Britain was a class that made up the majority of the poplulation, but did not have representtation in the British government. This lack of representation led them to have horrible working conditions, low wages, and widespread poverty throughout the working classes. The people became frusterated and during the 1830’s and 1840’s a new movement, Chartism, came about to solve their problems. Chartism was an attempt to link the economic plight of the working to a program of political reform. The Chartist movement is a complex movement that is viewed as both revolutionary by the Physical Force Chartists and the Middle Class, it is viewed as moderate by the Moral Force Chartists and the Traditional Rulling Classes. The Physical Force Chartists were a small group of working class individuals that were willing to do anything to get political rights. The political rights they wanted were listed in the â€Å"People’s Charter†and called for universal manhood suffrage, annual parliament elections, a secret ballot, no property requirements for parliament, equal representation, and payment for the members of parliament (Doc1). The physical force chartists wanted these rights so bad that they would do anything, such as viloence to obtain them. Physical force chartists saw other chartists that were not willing to work and implement the â€Å"People’s Charter† no matter at what cost as lazy, and an impedement to the movement suceeding, going as far to say if these people in the city do not work everything else is useless (Doc4). This lack of establishment of the moral forces most likely did lead to their demise because if action and authority were not expressed, the movement would be and did, become recognized as a puny and unthreatening movement by the ruling classes. The ruling classes saw the movement as so unthreatening they released the Physical Force leader, Feargus O’Conner, the â€Å"terror to tyrants† from jail (Doc5). After being released from jail, Feargus O’Conner attended a meeting that called for a general strike that would cripple the British economy, but lead them closer to political rights (Doc6). The year The Communist Manefesto was published, and the year of the French Revolution, the Physical Force Chartists took inspiration to call for a working class revolution. They intentionally used the French Revolution because they believed it would create an essence of fear. They start the article with â€Å"Glory to the Proletarians†and this statement directly calls for a European style working class revolution (Doc8). This revolution never succeeded, and was the fall of the Chartist movement. Moral Force Chartists were the more moderate working class individuals that wanted to use more â€Å"mainstream† ways to gain political rights. One â€Å"mainstream†way of obtaining their rights were to pass the â€Å"People’s Charter† through parliament instead of using force to gain the listed arguements. Another differentiating view of theirs was the definition of Universal Manhood Suffrage. They saw this right as having, â€Å"a right to have a good coat to his back, a comfortable abode in which to shelter himself and his family, a good dinner upon his table, and as much wages for that work as would keep him in plenty†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Doc2). So, their views were far more moderate and humble than that of the Physical Force Chartists, all they wanted was a fair share of life. The Moral Chartists saw physical force as a right to the Constitution, based upon Two Treatises of Government by John Locke, they considered the worst thing short of the right to vote is violence (Doc3). The Moral Force Chartists mimick the high-class, namely the middle class, of British society. They host tea parties sand balls and this shows how moderate they are. The Moral Chartists caused the chartist movement to be considered unthreatening, and eventually caused its demise. The Traditional Ruling class of Britain (landowners, the Prime Minister, and the monarchy) are basically uneffected by the chartist movement and because of this consider it unthreatening and very moderate. They were not afraid, even of the physical force chartist leader, Feargus O’Conner, who they released from jail (Doc5). The Chief of Police at the time even let massive Chartist meetings to occur, showing even more how they were not considered as a threat (Doc10). The Traditional Class saw the demands of the chartists as radical, but because they showed no indications of violence, saw their actions as very moderate. They even knew that any actions committed would not be by the masses, but rather the individual because of lack of communication and resolve(Doc10). So, overall the Traditional Class viewed the chartists as a movement based upon revolution, but acted upon in moderation. The Middle Class viewed the Chartist movement as a threatening and extremely radical movement. The Middle Class viewed the working classes as violent, upon the basis of the French Revolution. They saw the working classes as radical because they wanted to gain rights, that they had fought for, and just barely gained. The Middle Class was in panic, and expected a revolution because they believe that the chartists are determined to have their wishes granted (Doc9). The Middle Class would also consider the working classes as radical because of the people involved in their movement, more specifically women (Doc7). Women had no rights and are at this time, in higher classes, nothing more than a wealth status. They are barely educated and stay at home, doing nothing because even the kids were taken care of by a nanny and the food was cooked by a cook. So, the Middle Class could not fathom why women should vote, and questioned their ability to vote. The Middle Class viewed the Working Class as a violent threat to themselves and to England’s stability.

Learning Styles And Techniques Of Teaching - 898 Words

During my class in Curriculum, Methods, and Assessments: Science and Math, I have had the opportunity to observe two different mathematic teachers. Through those observations I have gained great knowledge and understanding. I was exposed to different teaching, learning styles and techniques. Being able to observe a few different classrooms has given me an opportunity to witness different aspects of teaching. Through all of my observations during college of teachers I am confident that teaching is what I want to do with the rest of my life. I will touch on a few topics from my observation throughout my paper such as, the objective of the lesson, types of methods the teachers used, differentiation instruction, ways the teachers assess learning in the classroom and changes that I could make to the lesson. For my observations at Metzger Middle School, I had the opportunity to observe Ms. Williams and Ms. James sixth grade Mathematics classrooms. During Ms. Williams first period she had a Co-Teacher to assist her students that were ESLs (1 student) and IEP/504 (5 students). A student that was in a wheelchair was also amongst the students; accommodations were made for this student, for example; the co-teacher had the student that was sitting in the first chair by the door move back a desk so that the student could put his chair up the desk. Some of the methods that the teacher provided were mathematical reference sheets and formula charts to help them when answeringShow MoreRelatedEssay about Teaching Techniques for Different Learning Styles771 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching Techniques for Different Learning Styles As teachers we will be faced with many difficult tasks one of which will be finding creative ways to motivate the children in our classes to learn. There are so many teaching techniques it may be overwhelming for new teachers. With the emphasis on test scores and the â€Å"No Child Left Behind† Act many teachers may fear being creative in the classroom. This paper will attempt to explore some creative teaching techniques. Recently there has beenRead MoreMy Teaching Toolbox.. Educ 6513: Teaching Adult Learners.1101 Words   |  5 Pages My Teaching Toolbox. EDUC 6513: Teaching Adult Learners Mohamed Faizalla Yorkville University February 19, 2017 â€Æ' My Teaching Toolbox My understanding of skillful teaching has been formed through my practical teaching experience, and further developed as a master of education student who has the advantage of learning and discussing the most recent literature about education and methodology. I found that I completely agree with, Brookfield’s explanation and understanding of skillfulRead MoreDifferent Learning Styles1314 Words   |  6 PagesDifferent Learning styles commonly Used by the PNTC marine Transportation students A thesis presented to the Under graduate studies PNTC Colleges In partial fulfillment Of the requirement for The research amp; thesis writing By: J’Bryan G. Santiago Ronkiel R. Serrano Dennis L. Garan Rod Carlo D. Agpalo Reggie Eridio Chapter I A. Introduction According to Kolb’s (1984) many people recognize that each person prefers different learning styles and techniques. Learning styles group commonRead MoreLearning Cues for Tennis1421 Words   |  6 PagesI will be discussing the sport of tennis, the learning sequences, the skill techniques, learning cues, and teaching styles in that order. First that will be discussed is the learning sequences for the sport of tennis. According to Physical Education Activity Handbook, when you are first getting started with tennis, you need to introduce the scoring and tiebreaker procedures. Next, you need to explain the equipment used in tennis such as tennis balls and the racket. After that, the teacher shouldRead MoreTeaching Is No Small Feat, No Easy Measure1140 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Those who know, do. Those that understand, teach,† once said by Aristotle (Teaching). Teaching has been an art that requires great skill and enormous understanding. Teaching is no small feat, no easy measure. All teachers must work tirelessly in making sure their students succeed and learn far more than just concepts in the classroom. Teachers inspire and encourage their students to go after what they want to do in life. Through observation, I was able to learn about the best practices that workedRead MoreThree Different Types of Teaching Styles Essay619 Words   |  3 PagesThree Different Types of Teaching Styles I am going to be looking at three different types of teaching styles . These are the Command ,Reciprocal and Discovery/problem solving approach. These styles of teaching are used in different circumstances i.e. the age or ability of the group or the type or complexity of the skill and the environment (weather, training surface etc). The type of teaching method the teacher/coach uses depends on these factors and on what skill aspectRead MoreThe Objective Of Learning Styles966 Words   |  4 PagesThe objective of learning is to understand information intended to be learned. According to Brown (2000) learning styles is defined as the manner in which individuals perceive and process information in learning situations (Journal of Studies in Education, 2012). Depending on one s perspective, preferred learning styles help defined in multiple ways to get the most out of any learning or teaching experience. There are several ways to evaluate a person’s learning style, preference, and strategiesRead MoreLearning Styles and Learning Theories963 Words   |  4 Pages Building on from the learning styles and theories I have covered, it is clear to see that although they target multiple learning groups; they fail to underpin any techniques, skills and strategies to become an effective learner. â€Å"Many students can perform and obtain good results, but that itself may be insufficient to make them effective learners. Often the distinction between performance and learning is blurred and many students have difficulty reflecting on how they can learn to become betterRead MoreReflection On Effective Teaching1498 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In this analysis, my objective is to reflect on effective teaching and learning strategies and methods, using my personal experience in the classroom, as well as wider reading/research and university lectures, including my contextual analysis on my placement school (see appendix one). However, since there are so many dynamics to effective teaching and learning, one cannot put a finger on a single aspect and use that as a solution. With this in mind, I have chosen to look at two fociRead MoreA Personal Reflection Paper of Teaching Learning1104 Words   |  5 Pagesin background, education, experience, intention make peoples different. You, me, my friends, your colleagues, everyone have different idea, life style, working style, learning style, and teaching style. The followings are my own reflections of learning and teaching based on my experience, moreover, they can be changed along the life. First Learning Style When I studied in bachelor of engineering, I used to get A from one subject that I only sit in the class and listen to the instructor. I used to

Analysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey

The psychosexual development theory is proposed by a 1900s Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud. He was famous for various psychological theories, including the theory of personality development, dreams and psychosexual development. The psychosexual development theory discussed about four stages of life that contribute to the development of personality. There are oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital phase. Sometimes people can surpass these stages and grown to a fully mature adult, however, many people often retain some obsessions from specific stage and contribute to certain aspect of personality, such as Oedipus complex and difficulties in identify sexual identity. These stages will be further discussed in this paper, and its relation†¦show more content†¦Sefelt?† (Kesey, 78) Fredrickson felt satisfy when he eat or taking things through his mouth. Hence, Mr. Fredrickson and Mr. Sefelt only exchange medicines during the night before sleep. Despite for security reas on, taking pill for Fredrickson is also an action for calmness, and it helps him to go to sleep in a comfortable stage. The pleasure that he gain from the action is significant to his daily life motion. The second stage of development is anal phase. This stage refers to the age of 18 months or two years old to preschool or about three years old (Hjelle, 288). Dr. Freud believed that this stage is crucial to the development of adult personality traits. This stage had been extensively researched by many psychologists, who believe that anal erotism is the most powerful influence on personality, it emerges into individual as reaction-formation or sublimations (Kline, 10). Sublimation is one of the defense mechanisms that use to transform socially unacceptable ideal and unconsciously transformed it into socially acceptable actions or behaviors. Reaction-formation refers to unconsciously suppress wish or feeling and a tendency of expressing actions that oppose to his wishes. They both a re defense mechanism when individuals posses ideas that are opposite of societal wants. One of the symbolic characters who possesses theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey1226 Words   |  5 Pagescontent more interesting. The novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, written by, Ken Kesey, contains several literary theories that made the classic story successful. The storyline was interesting enough for it to be turned into a movie and an altered version Broadway play. At one point Time Magazine included this novel into its top one hundred novels list. What made this book so fascinating to read and successful was the use of several literacy theories. One of the main literacy theories presentRead MoreAnalysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey1622 Words   |  7 Pagesor someone. Leadership on the other hand, may be a tool used to overcome authority which is depicted when McMurphy is admitted into the ward and effectively cha nges the patient’s lives for the better. Throughout the novel, One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest, written by Ken Kesey, McMurphy’s leadership dominates Nurse Ratched’s authority due to his success in transforming the patients into better people from the second of his arrival and giving them the option to live a better life. McMurphy, a gamblerRead MoreAnalysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey1195 Words   |  5 Pageseveryday life, there is always an unequal distribution of power. More often than not, someone has more power than another. For example, nurses and patients in a mental institution; the nurses have authority over the patients. In the classic novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, by Ken Kesey, Nurse Ratched makes sure that all of the patients are weaker than she is. Since she is clearly the head of the ward, Nurse Ratched is able to control the patients and their actions. However, when an independentRead MoreAn Analysis Of Ken Kesey s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest 1311 Words   |  6 PagesWhile One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is only a little over fifty years old, it feels like an even more dated story then some things written hundreds of years ago. This is because it is set in a field, psychology, that is constantly evolving and makes drastic progress in short amounts of time. The sexist and racist undertones coupled with the outdated view of psychology dates the book and undercuts the theme of the story. Psychology is the study of the human mind and behavior. It is only roughlyRead MoreAnalysis Of Ken Kesey s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest2637 Words   |  11 Pages The Author and His/Her Times: Ken Kesey was born on September 17, 1935 and died on November 10, 2011 at age 66. Kesey was once arrested for possession of marijuana and a â€Å"faked suicide† and was put into prison for five years. He also had a lot of experimentation with psychoactive drugs, which could spark his interest in the human mind, which has a lot of influence on the novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. The novel was put on The Times list of To honor Kesey after his death, there is a filmRead MoreAnalysis Of Ken Kesey s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest2592 Words   |  11 Pagestreatment patients in a mental hospital received and not many people helped with that. Today, people are becoming more outspoken about mental illness, why? In Ken Kesey’s One flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest, before McMurphy enters the hospital, it was all in perfect order, everyone would talk about their experience and what went through their heads. At one time, Randle McMurphy, a new patient at the hospital speaks about his own insanity with pride, â€Å"â€Å"Don’t overlook the possibility that this man might be feigningRead MoreOne Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Speech Act Theory Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesKen Kesey forms the intricate relationships among the characters in the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by the unique use of perspective and speech. Throughout the novel, Kesey depicts this connection between the public world and the seemingly closed off society inside the mental institution. This creates two separate spheres separated by a few walls and doors. Kesey goes on to form a unique perspective in the novel, told by a paranoid schizophrenic, with the narrator’s caricature-likeRea d MoreKen Kesey s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest1629 Words   |  7 Pages1962, Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest is a timeless classic. This novel has been subject to analysis through many different literary lenses: feminist, Marxist, and of course, psychoanalytic. One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest provides a plethora of evidence when it comes to using the psychoanalytic lens. The lens in question deals with the teaching of Sigmund Freud. When reading this novel, the audience sees quite clearly that the world of psychology plays an impactful role in One Flew Over Analysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey In everyday life, there is always an unequal distribution of power. More often than not, someone has more power than another. For example, nurses and patients in a mental institution; the nurses have authority over the patients. In the classic novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, by Ken Kesey, Nurse Ratched makes sure that all of the patients are weaker than she is. Since she is clearly the head of the ward, Nurse Ratched is able to control the patients and their actions. However, when an independent, mischievous patient named Randle Patrick McMurphy enters the ward, Nurse Ratched feels threatened. Throughout the novel, McMurphy and Nurse Ratched constantly challenge each other for authority. Nurse Ratched and McMurphy both attempt to†¦show more content†¦McMurphy proves he is familiar with what Nurse Ratched is trying to pull when he states: â€Å"‘I’ve known some people inclined to do that. I had this uncle whose name was Hallahan, and he went with a woman once who kept acting like she couldn’t remember his name right and calling him Hooligan just to get his goat’† ( Kesey 46). McMurphy says this to the doctor when the Doctor legitimately accidentally calls McMurphy â€Å"McMurry†. By saying this to the doctor, McMurphy proves to Nurse Ratched that he knows what her intent is by mispronouncing his name --- to upset him and to show him who’s boss. However, McMurphy decides to act as if the misnaming is not bothering him in anyway to try to show Nurse Ratched that her hopes of weakening his identity does not work. Not only does Nurse Ratched try to push McMurphy’s buttons in order to show his who’s boss, McMurphy also tries to push Nurse Ratched’s buttons in attempt to gain power over her. For instance, when McMurphy is singing in the latrine one morning, Nurse Ratched quickly arrives to put a stop to his foolish behavior, but is stopped in her tracks when she sees that he is in nothing but a towel. McMurphy tells her that someone took his clothes. Furious, she tells him that he is not able to just run around the ward in a towel. McMurphy, grinning, responds to this by saying: â€Å"‘No?’† He looks Analysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey The English language has many literary theories that are used by writers all around the world. By using literary theories, authors can make their content more interesting. The novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, written by, Ken Kesey, contains several literary theories that made the classic story successful. The storyline was interesting enough for it to be turned into a movie and an altered version Broadway play. At one point Time Magazine included this novel into its top one hundred novels list. What made this book so fascinating to read and successful was the use of several literacy theories. One of the main literacy theories present in this novel was the use of psychoanalytic elements. Ken Kasey was able to use a humanistic principle of personality to entice his readers. The psychoanalytic theory of psychology was first introduced by a psychologist named Sigmund Frued in the late nineteenth century. It was a clinical method for treating psychopathology. Sigmund Freud did not believe that human behavior was random, and he pursued to apply scientific principle of cause and effect to the human mind. The psychoanalytic theory states that human behavior is driven by unconscious motives and biological drives. Psychoanalytic theorists, people who study human behavior, don’t believe in free will. What that means is that they believe every motive has a drive behind it and can be altered by experience and other emotions. Psychodynamic psychology consists of the personalityShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey1622 Words   |  7 Pagesor someone. Leadership on the other hand, may be a tool used to overcome authority which is depicted when McMurphy is admitted into the ward and effectively changes the patient’s lives for the better. Throughout the novel, One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest, written by Ken Kesey, McMurphy’s leadership dominates Nurse Ratched’s authority due to his success i n transforming the patients into better people from the second of his arrival and giving them the option to live a better life. McMurphy, a gamblerRead MoreAnalysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey1498 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment of patients of the psychological institution of the book One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey. The patients in the psychic ward each demonstrates different characteristics that corresponded to fixation from each stage of development through daily activity and the way that they present themselves. It also illustrates societal stereotype to these fixation and lead to unhealthy psychological environment to improve patient s’ internal health. The five stages of psychosexual developmentRead MoreAnalysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey1195 Words   |  5 Pageseveryday life, there is always an unequal distribution of power. More often than not, someone has more power than another. For example, nurses and patients in a mental institution; the nurses have authority over the patients. In the classic novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, by Ken Kesey, Nurse Ratched makes sure that all of the patients are weaker than she is. Since she is clearly the head of the ward, Nurse Ratched is able to control the patients and their actions. However, when an independentRead MoreAn Analysis Of Ken Kesey s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest 1311 Words   |  6 PagesWhile One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is only a little over fifty years old, it feels like an even more dated story then some things written hundreds of years ago. This is because it is set in a field, psychology, that is constantly evolving and ma kes drastic progress in short amounts of time. The sexist and racist undertones coupled with the outdated view of psychology dates the book and undercuts the theme of the story. Psychology is the study of the human mind and behavior. It is only roughlyRead MoreAnalysis Of Ken Kesey s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest2637 Words   |  11 Pages The Author and His/Her Times: Ken Kesey was born on September 17, 1935 and died on November 10, 2011 at age 66. Kesey was once arrested for possession of marijuana and a â€Å"faked suicide† and was put into prison for five years. He also had a lot of experimentation with psychoactive drugs, which could spark his interest in the human mind, which has a lot of influence on the novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. The novel was put on The Times list of To honor Kesey after his death, there is a filmRead MoreAnalysis Of Ken Kesey s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest2592 Words   |  11 Pagestreatment patients in a mental hospital received and not many people helped with that. Today, people are becoming more outspoken about mental illness, why? In Ken Kesey’s One flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest, before McMurphy enters the hospital, it was all in perfect order, everyone would talk about their experience and what went through their heads. At one time, Randle McMurphy, a new patient at the hospital speaks about his own insanity with pride, â€Å"â€Å"Don’t overlook the possibility that this man might be feigningRead MoreOne Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Speech Act Theory Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesKen Kesey forms the intricate relationships among the characters in the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by the unique use of perspective and speech. Throughout the novel, Kesey depicts this connection between the public world and the seemingly closed off society inside the mental institution. This creates two separate spheres separated by a few walls and doors. Kesey goes on to form a unique perspective in the novel, told by a paranoid schizophrenic, with the narrator’s caricature-likeRea d MoreKen Kesey s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest1629 Words   |  7 Pages1962, Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest is a timeless classic. This novel has been subject to analysis through many different literary lenses: feminist, Marxist, and of course, psychoanalytic. One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest provides a plethora of evidence when it comes to using the psychoanalytic lens. The lens in question deals with the teaching of Sigmund Freud. When reading this novel, the audience sees quite clearly that the world of psychology plays an impactful role in One Flew Over

Gatsbys American Dream Essay - 1724 Words

In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald describes essential traits of human life: romantic love, genuine friendship, the importance of money, the significance of trustworthiness, and the worth of social classes through Nick Carraway’s views. As he portrays them, each main character’s goals are illustrated, and they each carry out different amounts of significance and a symbolism throughout the novel. This novel is mainly about Gatsbys attempt at an unattainable goal, winning Daisys love back through power and money. In contrast to every main character, Gatsby has clear and well thought out dreams. Gatsby’s American dream, his desire to be wealthy and win Daisy back, is desperately ruined by Daisy. Gatsby’s goal that he tries to obtain by†¦show more content†¦Nick describes how James Gatz became Jay Gatsby from what he observed and proved throughout the novel. After he dropped out of college, he started fishing for living. Gatsby’s past about Dan Co dy, Gatsby’s drug stores, and a special business bond with Meyer Wolfshiem are revealed this way. for when I asked him what business he was in he answered, Thats my affair, before he realized that it wasn’t the appropriate reply. Oh, I’ve been in several things, he corrected himself. I was in the drug business and then I was in the oil business. But I’m not in either one now. This conversation in chapter 5 is one of the hints that Gatsby gives out that he has been lying. He does not make the conversation about how he got rich smooth enough, that it turned out to be a nonsense. It is true that Gatsby’s dream is never going to come true not only because Gatsby met Daisy in while Gatsby was stationed in Louisville, where Daisy enjoyed her life as an eighteen-year-old girl with her financially set family. He was astonished by her every little traits, and her social status and level made him feel embarrassed to a point where he lied about his just to be on that same level as her. . In chapter 8, Gatsby explains to Nick how he had lied about his status and class just so that he will not lose a chance that he might have with Daisy while Gatsby attempts to describe his love by saying in chapter 8, â€Å"I can’t describe to you howShow MoreRelatedGatsbys American Dream Essay1352 Words   |  6 PagesScott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, is known as the American Dream. Although many have this dream today, it is a one in a million chance to attain it, regardless of whether or not a person is tremendously deserving of such success. James Gatz, later known as Jay Gatsby, is a character who experiences this minute probabil ity of the American Dream coming true. Through the character of Gatsby, Fitzgerald suggests that the American Dream is so difficult to achieve that it is unattainable. GatsbyRead MoreGatsbys Pursuit of the American Dream Essay827 Words   |  4 Pages Gatsbys Pursuit of the American Dream The American Dream means that by persistently working hard, one can achieve success; this is in contrast to other countries where the immigrants came from, in which one was either born into money and privilege or not, and if you werent, there was no way of achieving this success. The American Dream eliminated the barriers between people that social class had held for centuries in Europe. The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, shows the corruption of theRead MoreGreat Gatsby’s Commentary on the American Dream Essay1265 Words   |  6 Pagesis exchanged for one based on greed and lies, where characters with stop at nothing to attain what they desire. Fitzgerald provides a window into the American Dream, and shows that it has become one based on immorality and deception. Although the marriage of Daisy and Tom Buchanan may have been based on love and devotion, it, like the American Dream as a whole, has been corrupted to become disingenuous and predatory. Tom and Daisy are two people who are content with the somewhat platonic relationshipRead MoreGatsby’s Unrealistic American Dream in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald960 Words   |  4 PagesThe term â€Å"American Dream† is defined as an idea which believes that all people have the possibility of prosperity and success. The idea first came from James Adams, a noted American writer and historian. He claimed, â€Å"Life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability and achievement.† Therefore, the core concepts of the American Dream were closely linked to hard work and opportunity. However, this idea began to lose its value when people startedRead More Jay Gatsby as Tragic Hero of Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay974 Words   |  4 Pagesdefined importance. Gatsby has endless wealth, power and influence but never uses material objects selfishly. Everything he owns exists only to attain his vision. Nick feels inclined to reserve all judgements (1), but despite his disapproval of Gatsbys vulgarity, Nick respects him for the strength and unselfishness of his idealism. Gatsby is a romantic dreamer who wishes to fulfill his ideal by gaining wealth in hopes of impressing and eventually winning the heart of the materialistic, superficialRead More Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and the Tragic Hero Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesGatsby can be defined as a tragic hero who possesses all of the aforementioned traits.  Ã‚   Jay Gatsbys main desire in life is to become a member of high society, respected more than anyone else.   Gatsby has taken steps to ensure that this desire becomes a reality.   He has accumulated wealth, power, and influence, all in an attempt to create the sparkling image of a successful man.   Although Gatsbys friend Nick is inclined to reserve all judgements (1), Gatsby is a strong, unselfish idealistRead MoreSummary Of The Color Yellow By F. Scott Fitzgerald1667 Words   |  7 Pages1. Yellow – â€Å"the orchestra is playing yellow cocktail music,† â€Å"two girls in twin yellow dresses who stopped at the foot of the steps,† Gatsby’s â€Å"yellow car.† In the novel, the color yellow is associated with wealth which Fitzgerald develops in order to associate the color with Gatsby by having it be the color of his car and be very present at his parties. Affairs/Cheating – Tom and Myrtle, and Gatsby and Daisy. In the novel, affairs are very prevalent and are associated with characters of wealthRead MoreThe Great Gatsby And The Death Of A Salesman1328 Words   |  6 Pageshis vision of the truth and his vision to success. The â€Å"American Dream† is the â€Å"dream† that all Americans are granted the same chance to attain their life goals whether is it success, a perfect family, or wealth through hard work, willpower, grit and initiative. These two men though, have dissimilar American Dreams. Willy’s dream is financial success for himself in addition to his children; on the other hand, Gatsby’s dream is getting his â€Å"dream† life since childhood which was attaining money, a beautifulRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Milkman s Journey 2003 Words   |  9 PagesPilates house, to his surprise he was drawn to the music and the liveliness that was protruding her house. If Pilate and Macon would have stayed together and been able to support each other maybe they would have been ab le to successfully fulfill their dreams. Even though wealth hand success Macon remains unhappy. As the novel goes on we learn Milkman’s true emotions when his father was telling him a story, â€Å"Deep down in that pocket where his heart hid, he felt used. Somehow everybody was using him forRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1543 Words   |  7 PagesParagraph The American Dream is a dream about possibilities, and a desire for success. Sometimes you can interpret the dream for money, sometimes for love regardless of what the you think it is, the dreamer works hard to reach this goal. In the novel The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby is driven by his desire to achieve the American Dream. Unfortunately, Gatsby’s drive to achieve the dream also results in him falling victim to it. Essentially, Gatsby falls victim to the American Dream because he is forced

Melissa Younan Twelfth Night Free Essays

However, Olivia does not return this sentiment an d has sworn off marriage while mourning the death of her dear brother. Under the orders of the Duke, Viola goes to Lady Olivia in pursuit to convince her to marry Rosin, though she herself has grown to love him. After the visit, Olivia sends her serve ant after Corsair, otherwise known as Viola in disguise, in order to return a ring that he had supposedly left at her manor. We will write a custom essay sample on Melissa Younan Twelfth Night or any similar topic only for you Order Now In her soliloquy, Viola is trying to come to a con occlusion as to why Olivia had sent the ring, knowing for a fact that she had not worn one. Fate r processing the events that occurred in their discussion and the ring predicament .NET, Viola realizes that the Lady has fallen in love with who she believes to be Corsair, a ND that he ring is a sign of her affections towards him. Completely unaware that Ices aria is not really a man, but a woman impersonating one, this adds more complication a ND conflict to the Story. By the end Of the soliloquy, Viola is left overwhelmed and unable to find a solution to the unfortunate love triangle she currently finds herself in. In the soliloquy, Viola uses logos to attempt to understand their hopeless situation and pathos to express her pity for Olivia. Viola uses logos when she begins to make connections as to how Olivia acted during their meeting. Viola uses logo s when she says, â€Å"She made good view of me; indeed, so much, / That sure method her eyes had lost her tongue, / For she did speak in starts distractedly'(Act II, scene ii, 676678). The quote shows how Olivia had repeatedly gazed at her and seem d distracted, which can only mean that she is in love with Viola/ Corsair. This appeal proves to be effective because it leads her to finish off the speech by discuss Eng Olive’s misplaced love. As for pathos, in lines such as, â€Å"Poor lady, she were better love dream†(683), and, â€Å"What thriftless sighs shall poor Olivia breathe†(696), Viola implies Olivia is chasing a fantasy and that since the man that she thinks she loves do s not exist, the only outcome will be her sorrow and misery. This can be seen as pat hose because it compels not only Viola, but the reader as well to feel compassion t awards Olivia. Also, when Viola begins to rant about how frail the hearts of women AR e and â€Å"how easy is it for the propellers / In women’s waxen hearts to set their forms! â€Å"(686687), she begins to understand Olivia and how she is not to blame for her misguided love for Corsair. This is both pathos and logos because not only is she feeling pity for women, such as Olivia and herself, but she is also using false 10 gig by eying that misguided love is caused by women having weak hearts. By the en d of the speech, Viola understands Olive’s love for who she believes is Corsair and empathetic with Olive’s feelings. Viola uses many rhetorical and literary devices throughout her speech as well in order emphasize and/ or make a point. She used examples of apostrophes such as â€Å"Disguise, I see, thou art a wickedness†(Act II ii 684) and â€Å"O time! Thou must UN tangle this, not l; / It is too hard a knot for me to untie! â€Å"(697698). When she states â€Å"Disguise, I see, thou art a wickedness†(684), she blames her disguise for making Olivia fall I in love with her. As for â€Å"O time! Thou must untangle this, not l; / It is too hard a knot for me to it is used to show how complex their situation is and how she can’t fix it alone. The apostrophes show how Viola eagerly wants to avoid the conflict a ND have it resolved. This is shown through how she pins the blame on a simple disguise and wishes that time will resolve the matter on its own. There is also alliteration in the speech such as â€Å"Fortune forbid† and â€Å"she did speak in starts†. The alliteration I s used to emphasize and show importance. For instance, in the sentence, â€Å"Fortune for id my outside have not charm’s her! â€Å"(675), the alliteration is used to show the reader r that Viola is worried about Olivia falling in love with her disguise, as well as to amp hassle Viola’s wishes to prevent more conflict and heartbreak to the reader. The sent once, â€Å"For she did speak in starts distractedly†(678), also shows the reader that Viola ha s come to the conclusion that Olivia is in love with Corsair, and catches the readers Tate notion to this fact. In my opinion, I think it is important to read and utilize rhetorical strategies in order to make conclusions about Shakespearean writing. I believe this is crucial I because in order for the reader to comprehend the speech itself, they must get a sense e of what is occurring prior to the speech. Because of this, the reader must analyze the re theoretical situation in the speech in order to understand the main problem, purpose, an d who the speech is really targeted for. Without knowing the situation, the reader would be lost and unable to fully comprehend why the speech is of importance. Therefore, it is one of the key points in understanding the speech. Also, if you’re unable to come to conclusion as to why Shakespeare included devices such as logos, pathos and ‘or ethos n the speech, you would not know whether he was trying make a logical point t, show the credibility of a character, or make the reader feel pity or emotion. How to cite Melissa Younan Twelfth Night, Papers

Safety Management Policies Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Safety Management Policies. Answer: Introduction Safety management is a process in which the risk of damage and harm to a person is identified and necessary policies are developed to maintain a proper environment at workplace (Glendon Clarke, 2016). Moreover, safety management is the processes, procedures, structure, resources and people of an organisation required to attain the objective of the safety management policies. In the safety and risk management process, the hazards are identified using risk identification and risk assessment techniques in order to keep the employees and other stakeholders safe from the operations of the organisation (Bramson, 2009). However, it is important to note that lack of attention, casual attitude of the employees and breaches of safety policies may lead to different types of hazards at workplace. Hence, it is important for the management to identify, implement, ensure and monitor the safety policies effectively in order to maintain a safe and healthy environment at workplace. On the basis of th e above facts, the case study of Granville train crash can is Australia has been identified in order to evaluate the factors leading to safety breaches and occurrence of one of the largest disaster in the history of Australian Railway. Furthermore, the paper presents the changes in the railway safety policy implemented by the Australian Railway Ministry in order to avoid the occurrence of railway disaster in the future Incident background Granville train crash can be identified as the most unfortunate rail disaster in Australia. On January 18, 1977, a Sydney-bound train derailed in Granville suburb, New South Wales (Duncan, 2017). The Granville train disaster took place when a commuter train derailed and hit the supporting pillars of a road bridge resulting in collapsing the bridge over the train near Granville station. Due to the collision, 470 tonnes of the concrete section of the bridge collapsed over the carriages three and four of the train. According to the reports, 84 people were killed and 213 were injured in the most tragic train accident in Australia (Bell, 2017). Evidently, two of the carriages of the locomotive hit severely as the entire mass of the steel and concrete bridge rained over them. In order to rescue the injured passengers, the rescue team faced significant challenges as leaking gas had forced not to use oxy-acetylene cutting tools. The efforts of the emergency rescue crew were highly appreciated following the rescue operations. In the meanwhile, the most tragic train crash in the Australian history has provided crucial lessons to be followed so that such nasty mishaps can be avoided (Hudoklin Rozman, 2012). Reason for the accident The aftermath of the tragic accident was important because it was essential to investigate the reason behind the train crash. In February 1977, an inquiry commission was set up under the supervision of the then NSW District Court Chief Judge. According to the reports of the inquiry team, it was revealed a number of reasons were involved that were collectively contributed to the unfortunate train accident (Duncan, 2017). Shockingly, the report clarified that the Bold Street Bridge was previously hit by derailments at the same section before. In spite of such derailments, lack of proper actions led to the tragic mishap. Also, the report stated that the condition of the railway track was so unsatisfactory. Moreover, the track was badly aligned and it had stretched wider than standard gauge causing the derailment of the train. However, the subsequent inquiries had pointed out that lack of investment in the track maintenance and ageing infrastructure as the primary reason. Apart from that, the manual mistakes were pointed out as well. Precisely, high turnover of employees, as well as lack of standard track inspection process, can be identified as other contributing agents to the train crash. Other than the primary factors, some of the secondary contributing reasons can be shown that are related to the accident. According to the investigation of the inquiry team, the structure of the road bridge was a reason, to say the least (Duncan, 2017). During the construction of the bridge, the extra concrete material was added to increase the road level. Herein, the extra weight of the bridge contributed massive destruction as well. Lessons learned from the accident The incident of Granville Train Crash brought up several lessons for the Public Transport Commission. Furthermore, it made the government realised the need for safety and risk management policies and the importance of proper investigation of the railway tracks conditions after every small interval of time (Duncan, 2017). Additionally, another point that was raised after the accident is the efficiency of the disaster management team. It can be seen from the case study that the last person was taken out from the collapsed compartment after 36 hours of the accident. Hence, the faulty safety measures and poor efficiency of the post-disaster management system had been a major reason for the loss of life of 83 people in the incident. Another lesson that is important for the Public Transport Commission is the proper management of workforce. It can be seen through the case study that high turnover of the employees had been one of the major reasons for the breach of safety measures (Macfarlane Hope, 2014). Hence, the Public Transport Commission must keep in mind that the employees are trained regarding the safety measures and policies in order to avoid any sort of railway disaster in the future (McDonald, 2017). A proper management of the employees can be helpful to properly identify the safety hazards and implement the safety policies effectively. Policy changes and implementation of the policies Since the Granville train crash, the government of Australia has changed the entire set of safety guidelines for public transport (Wullems, 2011). Evidently, the defects discovered after the inquiry must have been identified and rectified. The Public Transport Commission of Australia was restructured after the tragic event so that high employee turnover cannot affect the standard inspection procedure of railway tracks (Wang Liu, 2012). The Public Transport Commission made necessary changes in the Human Resource Management strategy to reduce the employee turnover rate in the track inspection department. New employee training policies have been introduced in order to make the workers aware of the risk identification techniques and proper render their duties to make the public transport safer for the people (Robinson, 2009). Although not a single person was directly charged, substantial safety policies and guidelines were introduced since then. Under the reforms, the government of Australia found that budgetary constraints could be identified as a major factor (Silla Luoma, 2012). Therefore, recommendations were published to allocate regular funds to modify the infrastructure. Precisely, the government forced to increase rail-maintenance spending so that public transports can become safer for the commuters (Duncan, 2017). After the incident, the Australian Government increased the allocated budget for railway infrastructural development. Under the railway improvement plan, the Wran government allocated AU$ 200 million after the accident to restructure the entire infrastructure of the Railways (Duncan, 2017). The allocated funds have been used to rebuild the Bold Street Bridge and several other bridges that have been found to be in poor condition. Furthermore, the allocated fund has been used to train th e employees regarding the new safety policies and hazard identification techniques in order to improve the current safety and risk management process. In the meantime, Granville train crash was a life-long lesson for the safety and security department of Australia. The policymakers have voted for rail safety measures to be followed strictly. In case of safety breach, fines have been recommended. To improve the railway safety, The Office of the National Rail Safety Regulator (ONRSR) was established under the Rail Safety Law Act 2012 (Onrsr.com.au, 2017). It is the responsibility of the ONRSR to oversight rail safety in every Australian state. The risk-based approach of ONRSR was introduced to improve rail safety. In order to optimise the performance of the Railways, the ONRSR is dedicated to develop the system networks. By using modern safety equipment, the ONRSR is aimed to increase the commuters safety. Also, the Australian Railways has developed emergency task forces to deal with the accidents so that rescue operations can be started immediately without any delay (Li, Zheng Liter, 2017). The emergency task forces are trained wit h disaster and crisis management technique to take care of the severe incidents. Additionally, the new rescue task force is assigned with psychologist to take care of their psychological needs during the disaster management. Conclusion By considering the analysis of the Granville Train Crash case study, it can be seen that poor management of the employees and high turnover of the track inspection workers have been a major factor leading to the safety policy breaches. However, the incident provided the Public Transport Commission and the Australian Government with different lessons that have been considered in order to introduce policy changes in the safety and risk management of public transport. Furthermore, necessary policy reforms have been introduced by the Government to effectively identify the hazards and implement, ensure and monitor the safety management policies for healthy and safe journey of the people through Australian Railway Transportation System. References About ONRSR - Office of the National Rail Safety Regulator. (2017).Onrsr.com.au. Retrieved August 2017, from https://www.onrsr.com.au/about-onrsr Bell, J. (2017).Granville train disaster 40 years on: 'The biggest thing is the survivor guilt'.News. Retrieved August 2017, from https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2017/01/17/granville-train-disaster-40-years-biggest-thing-survivor-guilt Bramson, M. (2009). Safety programs important in risk management.Perspectives In Healthcare Risk Management,5(3), 6-7. Duncan, J. (2017).Granville: The rail disaster that changed Australia - BBC News.BBC News. Retrieved August 2017, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-38645976 Duncan, J. (2017).Saved from Granville carnage by superstition.Heraldsun.com.au. Retrieved August 2017, from https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/superstition-saved-keith-mcgowan-from-granville-rail-disaster/news-story/5cb52b3becb496f67caad472160e57e8 Glendon, A., Clarke, S. (2016).Human safety and risk management. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Hudoklin, A., Rozman, V. (2012). Safety analysis of the railway traffic system.Reliability Engineering System Safety,37(1), 7-13. Li, K., Zheng, Y., Liter, S. (2017). A transient-enhanced low dropout regulator with rail to rail dynamic impedance attenuation buffer suitable for commercial design.Microelectronics Journal,63, 27-34. Macfarlane, I., Hope, R. (2014).Railway safety(4th ed.). Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Engineers Media. McDonald, P. (2017).NSW Government to apologise over Granville train disaster.ABC News. Retrieved August 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-14/granville-train-disaster-nsw-government-to-apologise-to-families/8182976 Robinson, A. (2009).Fatigue in railway infrastructure(6th ed.). Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Ltd. Silla, A., Luoma, J. (2012). Opinions on railway trespassing of people living close to a railway line.Safety Science,50(1), 62-67. Wang, C., Liu, Y. (2012). Omnidirectional safety culture analysis and discussion for railway industry.Safety Science,50(5), 1196-1204. Wullems, C. (2011). Towards the adoption of low-cost rail level crossing warning devices in regional areas of Australia: A review of current technologies and reliability issues.Safety Science,49(8-9), 1059-1073.